VLSI UNIVERSE

Clock dividers are ubiquitous circuits used in every digital design. A divide-by-N divider produces a clock that is N times lesser frequen...

For instance, you will find technology nodes as 180 um 90 um, 65 um, 45 um, 32 um, 22 um and so on.. *Source - Digital integrated ci...

2-input XOR gate using a 2:1 multiplexer : As we know, a 2:1 multiplexer selects between two inputs depending upon the value of its select...

For instance, you will find technology nodes as 180 um 90 um, 65 um, 45 um, 32 um, 22 um and so on.. *Source - Digital integrated ci...

As we discussed in ‘’ Is it possible for a logic gate to have negative propagation delay ”, a logic cell can have negative propagation de...

As we know, depletion MOSFET conducts current even with gate and source at same voltage level. To cut-off the current in depletion MOSFE...

With the progress in technology, the designs are moving into deeper sub-micron technology nodes. There is an ever-increasing conc...

There are two kinds of electronic systems that we encounter in our daily life – digital and analog. Digital systems are the ones in which ...